Skip to content
Nexus Broadcast
Nexus Broadcast

Broadcast Outside The Box!

  • Home
  • Services
    • LPFM Radio Preparation & Filing Services
    • TV and Radio Broadcast Consulting Services
    • Radio Broadcast Technical Services
    • FM Broadcast Radio Engineering and Consulting Services
    • Biennial Ownership Reporting for Commerical Stations
    • TV & Radio Station Mock FCC Inspections
    • Broadcast TV & Radio Station Application Filing Followups
    • TV & Radio MX Application Resolution Assistance
  • Info
    • LPFM FAQs
    • Thinking of Applying for a Radio Station?
    • Application Info For Full Power & Low Power FM Radio
    • TV & Radio NonCommercial Nature Including Low Power FM Radio
    • Getting Your Radio Station Listed on Itunes
    • Get Your Radio Station Listed on Media Player Radio Tuner
    • Radio Funding & Grants Radio & TV Stations
    • TV & Radio Broadcasting Links
  • About
    • Nexus Broadcast Terms of Service
    • Testimonials for Nexus Broadcast!
    • Nexus Helps All Radio Stations, Full Power & Low Power FM Radio
    • Previously Served Broadcasting Clients
  • Interesting
    • FM Broadcast Radio Stations | LPFM | Low Power FM Radio
    • How to Start a Low Power FM Radio Station
    • Listening to the Radio like doing Cocaine
    • Program Origination on Translators
    • Tribal Radio Priority
    • What is FM Radio, LPFM, & Low Power FM Radio?
    • What’s Up With LPFM Radio These Days?
  • News
    • Radio News
    • News Group
    • Subscribe to Our Radio Newsletter
  • Payment
  • Contact
Nexus Broadcast

Broadcast Outside The Box!

Are there any strategies I can employ to lower my HAAT and boost my ERP if my position is within 16 kilometers of either the coastline or a foreign nation?

A

Are there any strategies I can employ to lower my HAAT and boost my ERP if my position is within 16 kilometers of either the coastline or a foreign nation?

The Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT) is typically calculated based on the average elevations at 50 evenly-spaced points along 8 radials in 45-degree increments (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and so on). These 50 elevation points along each radial are first averaged, and then these radial averages are further averaged and compared to the antenna’s radiation center’s height above sea level to determine the HAAT.

Related

Categories: LPFM Radio Filing Window, LPFM Radio Planning & Construction

The Height Above Average Terrain (HAAT) is typically calculated based on the average elevations at 50 evenly-spaced points along 8 radials in 45-degree increments (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and so on). These 50 elevation points along each radial are first averaged, and then these radial averages are further averaged and compared to the antenna’s radiation center’s height above sea level to determine the HAAT.

If a station is situated near a large body of water, such as an ocean or one of the Great Lakes, or near the borders of Mexico or Canada, there’s a possibility to adjust the HAAT through a special technical process.

Here’s how to approach this adjustment for each of the 8 individual radials:

  1. Determine the 34 dBu interfering contour around your site for each radial. If there is any U.S. land area along a radial, even if it’s more than 16 km away, such as an island (even if it’s uninhabited) or deviations in the international border (like along the Rio Grande in Texas), that land must be considered.
  2. If a specific radial lacks any U.S. land area between 3 and 16 km, you can exclude that radial from consideration. When calculating the average of the remaining radials, divide the sum of the averages by the number of remaining radials. For example, if you’re originally summing up the averages of 8 radials, but you exclude one radial, divide by 7 for the overall average.
  3. If a radial does contain U.S. land area between 3 and 16 km, determine the elevations at points within the U.S. land area, disregarding water or foreign territory. In this case, you don’t need to calculate elevations at 50 evenly-spaced points along the shortened radial. Instead, look at elevations in 260-meter increments between 3 km and the coastline or border. When calculating the overall average, divide by the number of radials used.

For instance, consider KXRN-LP in Laguna Beach, CA, which is located near the coast without any offshore islands within the 34 dBu interfering contour. Initially, the HAAT along the 8 radials appears as follows:

  • Azimuth 0: -119.33 meters
  • Azimuth 45: -101.8 meters
  • Azimuth 90: -87.41 meters
  • Azimuth 135: -14.18 meters
  • Azimuth 180: 28 meters
  • Azimuth 225: 28 meters
  • Azimuth 270: 28 meters
  • Azimuth 315: -53.78 meters

The average is -36.56 meters HAAT. However, considering the U.S. land area along certain radials, you can exclude the 180, 225, and 270-degree radials. The 315-degree radial doesn’t qualify for any adjustment as it has a land area between 3 and 16 km along its entire length.

After excluding these radials, you add up the remaining 5 radials and divide by 5, resulting in a new average HAAT of -75.30 meters.

This method, allowed by the rules, can reduce the HAAT, which can be advantageous when the original HAAT exceeds 30 meters, allowing for increased effective radiated power in those cases.

For LPFM stations near the Mexican border, there is still a limit of 50 watts ERP along any radial that includes Mexican land area (including offshore islands) within 125 kilometers of the LPFM station. However, the adjusted ERP can be considered for radials not within 125 km of Mexico when a directional antenna is used.

Refer to FCC Rules §73.313(d)(2) for further details.

Related

Permalink
Back to Top

Share this:

  • Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)

Related

Post navigation

Previous post
Next post

Recent Posts

  • Vintage Nielsen Survey
    Nielsen Audio Top 50 Market Counties
    To determine if a radio station is located within a rated market, one can access the current Nielsen Audio DMA rankings, which are typically available online and can provide valuable insights into a station's market presence and potential reach. The counties and regions listed below correspond to the 2023 Nielsen Audio Top-50 urban markets. If the LPFM transmitting antenna is situated within one of these areas, the following FCC rules are applicable:
  • engineering requirements
    The LPFM Radio Second Adjacent Waiver: Why You Need a Broadcast Engineering Consultant
    LPFM radio frequency applications that require a Second Adjacent Waiver are exceptionally challenging. These waivers are needed when your proposed station frequency is too close to an existing one. Unlike a standard LPFM application, which already demands a fair bit of expertise, the Second Adjacent Waiver applications are on a whole other level.
  • The Resurgence of Radio: A Powerful Tool for Community and Truth
    Many individuals, like my pastor friend, tend to underestimate the influence of radio in today's digital era. They often believe that the internet has rendered radio obsolete. However, the numbers paint a different picture. Radio continues to hold its ground as a trusted and far-reaching communication tool. It's the medium that accompanies us during our morning commute, the constant companion in our cars and kitchens, and the unwavering voice during times of crisis. Its enduring presence in our lives cannot be overstated.
  • Unlock LPFM Success with Nexus Broadcast – Your Partner in Radio Excellence!
    At Nexus Broadcast, we understand that the LPFM application process can be complex and overwhelming. That's why we're here to offer our expertise and support to ensure your application is not only submitted successfully but stands out amidst the competition. Let Nexus Broadcast be your trusted partner on this exciting journey. Together, we can bring the power of community radio to life, connecting and enriching the lives of your audience. Are you ready to take the next step towards LPFM success? Please feel free to reply to this email or give us a call at (239) 42-RADIO (72346) to schedule a consultation. We would be delighted to discuss your specific needs and answer any questions you may have. For more information visit our websites:  LPFMStore.com and NexusBroadcast.com
  • Unlock the World of LPFM Radio: Unleash the Power of Low Power FM Broadcasting
    Are you ready to experience the magic of radio like never before? Look no further than LPFM Radio, the revolutionary Low Power FM broadcasting system that's making waves across the globe. Whether you're a community enthusiast, a music aficionado, or a business looking to reach a local audience, LPFM Radio offers a cost-effective and captivating solution that will undoubtedly leave a lasting impact.

Social

  • Facebook
  • YouTube
  • TikTok
  • LinkedIn

Newsletter

[hubspot portal="40164794" id="d0e2683d-8be6-497e-aefb-9f6eebbecc2d" type="form"]

Subscribe

Thank you for subscribing!

Subscribe

Sign up for our newsletter and stay up to date

*
  • Facebook
https://www.youtube.com/lpfmradio
©2023 Nexus Broadcast | WordPress Theme by SuperbThemes